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What are the types of HIV tests?

• There are three types of tests used to diagnose HIV infection: antibody tests, antigen/antibody tests, and nucleic acid tests (NATs)
•  Antibody tests check for HIV antibodies in blood or oral fluid. HIV antibodies are disease-fighting proteins that the body produces in response to HIV infection.
• Most rapid tests and home use tests are antibody tests.
•     Antigen/antibody tests can detect both HIV antibodies and HIV antigens (a part of the virus) in blood.
•     NATs look for HIV in the blood.
• No HIV test can detect HIV immediately after infection.
• The time between when a person may have been exposed to HIV and when a test can tell for sure whether they have HIV is called the window period.
• The window period varies from person to person and depends on the type of test used to detect HIV.
• An antigen/antibody test performed by a laboratory on blood from a vein can usually detect HIV infection 18 to 45 days after an exposure.
• Antibody tests can usually take 23 to 90 days to reliably detect HIV infection. Most rapid tests and home tests are antibody tests. In general, antibody tests that use blood from a vein can detect HIV sooner after infection than tests done with blood from a finger prick or with oral fluid.
• A nucleic acid test (NAT) can usually tell you if you have HIV infection 10 to 33 days after an exposure

•  If you get an HIV test after a potential HIV exposure and the result is negative, get tested again after the window period for the test you’re taking to be sure.
• If your health care provider uses an antigen/antibody test performed by a laboratory on blood from a vein you should get tested again 45 days after your most recent exposure
• . For other tests, you should test again at least 90 days after your most recent exposure to tell for sure if you have HIV.