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Treatment of Headache:

treatment depends mainly on the diagnosis and associated symptoms but here are some tips that help
1- take analgesics like ibuprofen and acetaminophen when needed
2- if the pain is throbbing on one side then cold compressors and caffeine will help
3- avoid stress and relax
4- sleep enough at night (7-8 hours)
5- avoid any irritants that are known to aggravate your pain
6- exercise and eat healthy

Causes of headache

:
1- tension headache is the most common, it's a band-like pain around the head
2- migraine, it's a throbbing pain where you can feel the pulse usually on one side of the head, it can cause nausea, vomiting and light sensitivity 
3- cluster headche, it's a less common cause, usually on one side of the head behind the eye, develops usually in the same time of day or night and intensify in minutes then evolves quickly
4- headache due to injury or fall
5- sinus headache 
6- high blood pressure
7- teeth problems
8- Influenza
9- headache induced by sex, exercise or cough
10- rebound headache due to overuse of medications
11- ear infections
12- spinal headches due to low cerebrospinal fluid volume
13- serious causes like stroke, encephalitis or meningitis

Diagnostic methods:

1- neurological examination
2- imaging techniques like CT scan or MRI
3- lumbar puncture

Advice:

Visit a neurologist if the problem continues and not relieved by the common methods of treatment mentioned above. Physical examination done by the physician is really important to specify the cause and limit the differential diagnosis by taking into consideration the associated symptoms and physical findings